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Personal Computer Secrets
Table of Contents
Part 1: Buying a PC
Chapter 1: How to Buy a New Computer
Computer Concepts
Digital data
Memory and storage
Basic operation
PC Components
A system of systems
Connecting external devices
Reading the Specs
What to Buy
System cost
Desktop vs. notebook
Notebook choices
Windows CE
Desktop choices
Expandability
Expansion card upgrades
Memory upgrades
User Profiles
Home office/basic productivity
Creative work
Games and entertainment
Web browsing/e-mail
When to Buy
Planning and research
System type
Where to Buy
Retail vs. direct
Service
Refurbished PCs
Chapter 2: Microprocessors and Memory
The Processor
How it works
Processor types
Speed
L1 and L2 cache
Architecture
MMX, 3DNow, and Streaming SIMD
Word size
CISC vs. RISC
Processor alternatives
Notebook processors
Multiprocessor systems
Physical connections
Slots vs. sockets
Electrical specs
Logical connections
Chipsets and BIOS
Recommendations
Memory
SIMMs, DIMMs, SO-DIMMs and RIMMs
Memory types
FPM RAM
EDO RAM
SDRAM
DDR DRAM
RDRAM
Virtual Channel Memory
Error correction
Recommendations
Chapter 3: Hard Disks and Removable Drives
Hard Drives
How it Works
Drive Connections
Partitioning and Formatting
Size Limitations
FAT16 vs. FAT32
Drive Specifications
Drive Speed
Access Time
Rotation Speeds
Drive Cache
Throughput
Density
Dimensions
Device Bay
Hard Drive Interfaces
IDE vs. SCSI
Interface Categories
Types of Controllers
Transfer Rates
EIDE, UltraDMA and ATA/66
Flavors of SCSI
IEEE 1394
Recommendations
Removable Drives
Floppy Drives
CD-ROM and DVD-ROM
Rotation Speeds
Variable Speeds
Access Times
Physical Connections
Removable Storage Options
Zip, Jaz, and other Cartridge Drives
Recordable CDs and DVDs
CD-R vs. CD-RW
Disc Formats
Tape Backup
Media Costs
Recommendations
Chapter 4: Video Cards and Monitors
Video Cards
Resolution
Color Depth
Video Memory
Memory Types
Memory Width
Refresh Rates
Video Card Interfaces
AGP
PCI
Acceleration
2D Graphics Acceleration
3D Graphics Acceleration
3D Image Basics
Speed
Image Quality
Motion Video Acceleration
TV Inputs
Video Recording
Recommendations
Monitors
Monitor Sizes
Monitor Resolutions
Dot Pitch, Interlace and DPI
Display Data Channel (DDC)
Built-in Features
Speakers
USB Hubs
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Active Matrix
Passive Matrix
Color and Resolution Limitations
Connection Method
Recommendations
Chapter 5: Sound Cards, Speakers and Modems
Sound Cards
Digital Audio vs. Synthesized Sound
Digital Audio
Sampling Rates
Duplex
Synthesized Sound
General MIDI
FM Synthesis
Wavetable Synthesis
Physical Modeling Synthesis
Hardware vs. Software Synthesis
Audio Processing
3D Audio
Audio Decoding
Audio Outputs
Multiple Outputs
Digital Outputs
Other Connections
Microphones
MIDI/Joystick Port
Recommendations
Speakers
Satellites and Sub-woofers
Speaker Technologies
Powered vs. Unpowered
Traditional vs. Flat Panel
3D Speakers
Multispeaker Systems
USB Speakers
Recommendations
Modems
Modem Speeds
Analog Modems
56K Modems
Voice Modems
Wireless Modems
ISDN Modems
AO/DI
Multiple Phone Lines
Cable Modems
DSL Modems
Recommendations
Chapter 6: Printers, Scanners and Digital Cameras
Printers
Inkjet vs. Laser vs. Other Options
Print Resolution
Print Quality
Print Speed
Cost Per Page
Inkjet Cartridges
Specialty Papers
Paper Size
Printer Language and OS Support
Color Printing
Color Management
Halftones
Specialty Printers
Multi-Function Devices
Photo Printers
Label Printers
Printer Connections
Parallel Ports
Switch Boxes
USB
Infrared Wireless (IrDA)
Digital Camera Connections
Recommendations
Scanners
Resolution: Optical vs. Interpolated
Color Depth
Interface Type
Size and Speed
Specialty Scanners
Bundled Software
Recommendations
Digital Cameras
Resolution
Compression
Storage
Camera Issues
Other Digital Imaging Devices
Frame Grabbers
Video Cameras
Recommendations
Chapter 7: Input Devices and Power
Input Devices
Keyboards
Notebook Keyboards
Ergonomic Keyboards
Mice
Mice Features
Trackballs and Built-In Pointing Devices
Graphics Tablets
Game Controllers
Joysticks and Game Pads
Other Gaming Accessories
Recommendations
Power
Power Supplies
Power Management
Surge Protectors
Line Conditioners
UPSes
Recommendations
Part 2: Enhancing Your PC
Chapter 8: How Your Computer Works
The Basics
Hardware and Software
Input and Output
General Operation
How the Hardware Works
Structure
Buses
Bus Speeds and Bandwidth
Processor and Memory
Peripheral Buses
Video: PCI to AGP
Drive Interfaces
I/O Buses
ISA Bus and X Bus
Pulling it All Together
Resources
IRQs and DMA Channels
I/O Addresses and Memory Ranges
Resource Conflicts
Plug and Play
How the Software Works
Basic Connections
Software Layers
Inside Windows
Services
Registry
Core OS
Drivers
In Action
Booting
BIOS Setup
Master Boot Record
Startup Files
Windows Startup
Running an Application
Printing
Chapter 9: Adding, Upgrading and Removing Software
Installing New Programs
Downloading Programs off the Internet
How it Works
Finding and Installing the Files
Compressed Files
Installation Example: Publisher 2000
Upgrading Applications
Patches
Automatic Upgrades
Removing Upgrades
Reinstalling
Installing Operating Systems
General Issues
Using Multiple Operating Systems
Partitions
Partition Types
Creating Partitions
Boot Loader
Installing Windows 95 or 98
New Installation
Standard vs. Custom
Upgrading
Reinstalling Windows 95 or 98
Windows Installation Files
Upgrading the Operating System
Updating Windows 95
Windows 95 CD Upgrades
Installation Problems
Updating Windows 98
Installing Windows 2000
Installing Linux
Basic Concepts
Installation Issues
Partitions
Hardware Recognition
Logging In
Removing Software
Standard Techniques
Additional Steps
Chapter 10: Adding and Removing Hardware
Connectors and Resources
Resources
What Uses Resources?
Adding External Hardware
Getting Ready
Special Considerations
Parallel Ports
SCSI
USB
Device Bay
Adding Internal Hardware
General Precautions
Making the Connection
Notebook PC Cards
Installing Drivers
Upgrading Drivers
Removing Drivers
Removing Hardware
Chapter 11: Upgrading Your PC
To Upgrade or Not to Upgrade, That
is the Question
Adding Memory
Opening the Case
Installing
Reconfiguring
Testing the Memory
Adding a New Hard Drive
Configuring Drive Settings
Connecting the Cables
BIOS Settings
Testing the Connection
Partitioning, Formatting and Copying Software
Large Drive Problems
Adding or Upgrading your CD or DVD-ROM Drive
IDE Interfaces
SCSI Interfaces
DVD-ROM
Installing Drivers
Upgrading Your BIOS
Other Hardware Upgrades
Firmware Updates
Printer Memory
Upgrading your Processor
Determining Processor Types
Installing the Processor
Replacing Your Computers Motherboard
Getting Organized
Removing the Old Motherboard
Installing the New Motherboard
Part 3: Connecting Your PC
Chapter 12: Setting Up a Small Business or Home Network
Basic Networking Concepts
Network Data
Network Structures
Network Architectures
Network Protocols
Network Types
Network Operating System
The OSI Network Model
Putting Together a Simple Network
The Pieces
Direct Cable Connection
Installing the Network Software
Protocols
Bindings
Network Names
Other Network Considerations
Setting Up a TCP/IP Network
Adding a Macintosh to Your Network
Expanding Your Network
Creating a Home Network
Phone Lines
Power Lines
Wireless
Taking Advantage of Your Network
Sharing Files
Sharing Drives
Mapping Drives
Sharing Printers
Sharing Scanners
Sharing an Internet Connection
Playing Games
Building an Intranet
Remote Access
Other Network Applications
Network Messaging
Network Monitoring
Chapter 13: Connecting to and Using the Internet
How the Internet Works
Connecting with a Web Site
IP Addresses and DNS
Your Internet Connection
Setting Up Your Connection
Dial-Up Networking
Direct Network Connection
Customizing Your Web Browsing Experience
Plug-Ins
Bookmarks and Favorites
Using Applications on the Web
Java, JavaScript and ActiveX
Cookies
Optimizing Your Web Connection
Cache Utilities
Connection Utilities
Finding Information on the Web
Setting Up an E-Mail Account
Editing an Existing E-mail Account
Making the Most of E-Mail
Finding E-mail Addresses
Types of Messages
Signing Your Messages
Sending and Receiving Attachments
E-mail Security
Other Ways to Communicate via the Internet
Newsgroups
Live Chat
Internet Phone Calls
Videoconferencing and Application Sharing
Building Your Own Web Site
Site Strategy and Structure
Creating Web Pages
Graphic Design
HTML Basics
Adding Other Elements
Site Navigation
Testing Your Pages
Obtaining a Web Address
Posting Your Pages
Transferring Files
Web Server Issues
Updating Your Site
Publicizing Your Site
Part 4: Using Your PC
Chapter 14: Working with Documents and Files
Applications and Documents
File Extensions
Editing File Types
Creating New Files
Opening Existing Documents
Opening With Other Applications
Using Send To
Converting Documents
Sharing Your Documents
Specialty Printing
Electronic Documents
Managing Your Files
Backing Up
Freeing Up Disk Space
Moving Files
Compression Utilities
Taking Care of your Disks
ScanDisk
Disk Defragmenting
Chapter 15: Working with Pictures and Video
Digital Pictures
File Formats
Digital Picture Sources
Scanning Your Own Images
The Details on Resolution
Scanner Resolution vs. Printer Resolution
Screen Resolution vs. Print Resolution
Scanning Tips
Cropping and Resizing
Editing Images
Sharpening the Image
Getting the Red Out
Photo Collages
Special Effects
Printing Tips
Using the Pictures in Other Programs
Using Images on the Web
Digital Video
Making the Connections
Capturing the Video
Editing
Titles, Graphics and Special Effects
Finishing the Program
Chapter 16: Working with Audio and Music
Getting Started with Sound
Playing Back Sound Files
Digital Audio Basics
Sampling Rates and Compression
File Formats
Recording Your Own CDs
Digital Audio Recording
The Hook Up
Recording and Editing
Processing
Special Effects
Making Music
Audio Re-Mixing
MIDI Basics
MIDI Sequencing
Tracks vs. Channels
Operation
MIDI Connections
Editing
Editing Views
Quantization
The Final Mix
General MIDI
Music Notation
Other MIDI Software
Patch Editor/Librarians
Auto-Accompaniment Software
Putting Sound Files on the Web
Converting Files
Adding Them to Your Pages
Part 5: Fixing Your PC
Chapter 17: Troubleshooting Techniques
Troubleshooting Strategies
Define the Problem
Narrow in on the Specifics
Use Available Resources
Keep Track of What You Do
Test Your Solution
Basic Troubleshooting Checks
Physical Connections
Updates and Upgrades
Hardware Troubleshooting Concepts
Drivers
Device Manager
Windows Update
Real-Mode Drivers
Resources
Fixing Resource Conflicts with ISA Devices
Fixing Resource Conflicts with PCI Devices
Software Troubleshooting Concepts
Shared Files and DLLs
Software Conflicts
Uninstalling
Updating
File Corruption
Moving DLLs
Bugs
Viruses
Troubleshooting Tools
Boot Disk with CD or DVD-ROM Driver and Utilities
Diagnostic Programs
Windows 98 Utilities
System Information
System Configuration Utility
System File Checker
Version Conflict Manager
Dr. Watson
ScanDisk
Registry Checker
Automatic Skip Driver Agent
Update Wizard Uninstall
Signature Verification Tool
Windows Report Tool
Windows 95 Diagnostic Tools
System Configuration Editor
Disk Defragmenter
System Monitor and System Resource Meter
WinTop
SANDRA
Other Programs
Starting Over
Chapter 18: Solving Common PC Problems
Fixing Startup Problems
BIOS Setup
Adjustments for Hard Disks and Removable Drives
Other BIOS Setup Adjustments
SCSI Adapter BIOS
Startup Files
Boot Files
Config.sys and Autoexec.bat
Bootlog.txt
Using Safe Mode
Turning certain Files Off
Restoring/Reinstalling Files
Fixing the Registry
Shutdown Problems
Fixing Hardware Problems
Video Display Problems
Hard Drive Problems
Bad Sectors
Partitions and Drive Letters
Compression
Mice, Keyboard, and Joystick Problems
Printer Problems
Modem and Internet Connection Problems
Modem Speed and Line Quality Problems
Dial-up Networking Problems
Sound Card/Audio Problems
Power Management Problems
USB Problems
Power Issues
Compatibility
SCSI Problems
Network Problems
Fixing Software Problems
Uninstalling Software
Consistent and Random Crashes
Running Out of Memory
Windows Memory Problems
DOS Memory Problems
DOS Games
PIFs
Customized Startup Files
Web Browser/Internet Problems
E-mail Problems
Message Formats
Decoding File Attachments
Appendix
Appendix A: Whats on the CD-ROM
Glossary of Terms
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